Mount Fagan, 6,189', Santa Rita Mountains

Essence: From Interstate-10 southeast of Tucson, in winter light Mount Fagan has luscious soft furrows, long shadows, and golden hues. With 1,009 feet of prominence, this is the last peak of significance in the northern tier of the Santa Rita Mountains. Approach from the east on public lands: Arizona State Trust Land and Coronado National Forest. Unless you have a 4X4 rock-crawler, you will be walking for up to four miles on a two-track before launching off-trail. An elegantly arced ridge leads to the peak with its extraordinary view. This cairn-free hike requires some navigation savvy.

Travel: From I-10, take Exit 281, signed AZ-83 South, Sonoita/Patagonia. Measure distance from the stop sign at the end of the eastbound off-ramp and turn south on AZ-83. Pass Sahuarita Road. The highway makes a big swing from southeast to southwest at Mile Marker 53. Pass Charron Vineyards. Pass Mile Marker 52. At Mile Marker 51.4, turn west at a gate posted State Trust Land, Permit Required. This is just south of Twin Tanks on the Mount Fagan topo. Open and close the gate. Most vehicles should park. Dedicated 4WD is required for the trenched and rocky road; drive as far as you are comfortable. Upon entering the National Forest at 2.9 miles, the track is ridiculously steep. Post your State Trust Land permit.

Distance and Elevation Gain: From AZ-83, 10.5 miles; 2,900 feet 

Total Time: 5:00 to 7:00
Difficulty: Jeep track, off-trail; navigation moderate; Class 2; steep road and slopes, no exposure; carry all the water you will need; hike in the winter to avoid rattlesnakes and bees.
Map: Mount Fagan, AZ 7.5' USGS Quad
Date Hiked: February 7, 2022

Reference: Thank you Surgent for turning us on to this hike and for the cautionary note on the technical road.
Quote: Beware, O wanderer, the road is walking too. Jim Harrison

 

The true summit of Mount Fagan and most of the route is seen from the beginning of the road. The free-range, upper portion of the hike is the most pleasurable. Yet, the long journey on the track has a mellow, sauntering, Zen effect--provided you don't get lost in the maze. (Thomas Holt Ward, photo)

Route: From AZ-83, bear west staying on the main track to The Lake. Several roads and arroyos converge. Take the track up the west fork. Stay with the main road as it swings in an arc northwest, southwest, and finally south. Just before Point 5,102', descend on a branch to the west. From the saddle, pitch up Point 5,420' off-trail. Climb the northeast ridge to the peak.

From parking, elevation 3,985 feet, ignore converging roads and bear due west. The rounded crest of Mount Fagan can be seen from the parking area but soon it is obscured by a false summit. Cross a Twin Tanks feeder wash in half a mile. A track joins from the right and the Arizona Trail crosses the road at about 0.6 mile; continue straight. 

The approach and the mountain are contained within the semi-desert grassland ecosystem. The rolling landscape is verdant with whitethorn acacia and mesquite, soaptree yucca, ocotillo, and prickly pear. Wildflowers were in a deep sleep the first week in February. As for the road, boulders and smooth cobbles have collected in the ruts. Moguls are massive as the track closes in on The Lake. Take any of the work-arounds. 

Arrive lakeside at 1.9 miles. Water was low in the dammed catchment, a couple of ancient cottonwood trees were dormant, and cattle were ambling in for a drink. (THW, photo)

 

Two drainages feed The Lake, one from the south, another from the west. Walk up the dry streambed bearing west. We made two incorrect navigation moves which I have left on the map because they are instructive. The roads looked plausible but they went off to the south. These cows, a fraction of the large herd, were our welcoming committee.

Walking was easy on the gravely wash bottom. We passed a cluster of coyote melons, members of the gourd family. White longitudinal lines decorate lemon-yellow spheres.

The road pulls out of the arroyo at 2.2 miles and swings to the northwest to gain a small interior ridgeline. It's going to feel like you are pointed away from the mountain but the road is simply going from ridge to hill to the north ridge of Point 5,102'. Resist the urge to cut cross-country. There are many pertubations, small pocket ravines, in the landscape. Besides, rattlesnakes are alive and well here in warmer months. Spot them on the road more easily than slithering through grass. Top out on the ridgelet at 4,420 feet. (THW, photo)

Mount Fagan is a volcanic mass protruding from surrounding sedimentary conglomerates. The transition in rock composition takes place in this area. Cobbles are exchanged for chipped rhyolite and volcanic tuff bedrock. Give up 40 feet transitioning from the ridge to the next hill with more significant undulations to follow. In the depression at 2.9 miles, the road passes from State Trust Land to Coronado National Forest. Open and close the gate. This is not an engineered road, but it is efficient. You are going to feel like a rock-crawler while climbing the next ultra steep and trenched pitch. Trekking poles are helpful. At the top a track comes in from the north at 4,580 feet.

While standing on the hilltop we saw two bighorn sheep take off running. Transition to the north ridge of Point 5,102' with another drop and climb. We passed by a barrel cactus family, sunburst sotol, and glistening beargrass. The lofty ridgeline looks out over The Lake in the ranging valley and the Empire Mountains east of AZ-83. (THW, photo)

The road ends on Point 5,102', a minor outpost at the end of this small ridge (image-center, below the horizon). It's worth the quick hop to visit the knoll coming or going.  

 

The route to Mount Fagan leaves the ridge just shy of Point 5,102' at 4.0 miles. Pause to analyze the route from here. A track drops steeply west to the east base of Point 5,420', image center-right. The climb is off-trail from the saddle, staying to the right of the ravine. From the marked point simply follow the ridgeline to the summit. On our hike buckaroo windblasts were ferocious. We debated whether to continue. We'd come this far...so onward.

From the saddle at 4,940 feet, there is a promising trail to begin but it quickly threads and disappears on the broad hillside. We loved the off-road segment of this adventure. However, the 500-foot, 0.3 mile haul up Point 5,420' was the most difficult stretch. (The descent was even more laborious.) The moderately steep incline pitches up more radically as you go. Footing is good; rock stays fairly well seated while wading through the grass. It's easy enough to dodge prickly pear and agave. The cresting golden dome contrasts with the cerulean skyscape.

 

Compared with the taller stone summits in the Santa Rita Mountains, Mount Fagan is a rolling hill. Yet, its sublime arc calls out to the aesthetic. 

Descend 40 feet into a minor saddle and locate a faint social trail. The footpath comes and goes but it stays on the ridgeline. There's an exhilarating sense of being on a ridge, yet it is free of obstacles and exposure. Ascend through a grove of Arizona oak.

There are many spectacular agave scattered across the land. We awarded grand prize to this ball of spears. Palmer's agave is common in the Santa Rita Mountains.

Upon cresting the false summit at 6,120 feet the highpoint is visible 0.2 mile afar. 

Arrive on the broad, grass-covered mountaintop at 5.2 miles. I love this relatively humble summit. There is an incomparable view of its companion peaks to the south. Captured below, Josephine Peak is tucked behind and to the left of Mount Wrightson; working up the south ridge are McCleary Peak, 88 Mac, and Mount Ian; and to the west is Pete Mountain. (THW, photo)

Fagan benefits from the donut phenomenon--the peak is an island surrounded by desert sea. We were spellbound by the entire length of the Rincon Mountains: Tanque Verde Peak dwindling onto the desert floor, Mica Mountain with its highpoint that goes on forever, the bald summit block of Rincon Peak, and even North Star Peak in the Little Rincon Mountains. The vista encompasses all the familiar sky islands in and around Tucson.

West and slightly south of the mountain is the active Imerys Marble Quarry (Santa Rita Limestone Quarry). Paleozoic limestone was subject to metamorphism and transformed into marble. The white marble deposit is faulted and fractured, and 300 to 500 feet thick. 

 

The peak is named after Michael Fagan. He started out as a prospector but sold his mine in 1880 and became a cattleman operating in the Huachucas and Santa Ritas. We searched for the "Faggan" benchmark unsuccessfully. It is presumably buried under the summit cairn which serves as a memorial for the Stump family of Tucson. The peak register was sparse but notable. In October of 2020, a deer hunter went into shock after a bee sting and was evacuated from Fagan by helicopter. One gnarly person tackled the road on his bike.

Click on the image below to see an overview of the return from the peak. Descend on the ridge trail, go up Point 5,420' and down the other side. Pitch up the road to the ridge just north of Point 5,102'. Climb the little knoll. Descend the north ridge on the road and rewind back to The Lake and out to the highway.

Cochise Head, 8,113', Chiricahua Mountains

Essence: The appeal of Cochise Head resides with its appearance--great globs of volcanic stone fashioned by erosion and weathering into the form of a human face gazing skyward. Achieving the airy summit is difficult. The trail is fragmentary, cairns are too few to rely on, and the route is steep, loose and overgrown. It took raw desire and perseverance to see this hike through. The climb is well covered by trip reports. I'm throwing this one in the mix primarily to document the terrain's characteristics in 2022. This hike is for proven navigators; perhaps our exploits and blunders will be useful for future hikers. From the crest there is a circular vista with ranges rippling away into Southeast Arizona and the New Mexico Bootheel. Cochise Head is in the northern sector of the Chiricahua Mountains. It is accessed through Chiricahua National Monument but lies outside the park in the Coronado National Forest.

Travel: From Wilcox drive southeast on AZ-186 East for 31 miles to the signed turnoff for Chiricahua National Monument, AZ-181 East. Measure distance from the entrance station (closed in 2022). Bonita Canyon Drive rises through mind-bending rhyolite pinnacles. Pass the visitor center and campground. Park on the left in a paved pullout with an Ancient Stream Beds placard at 5.4 miles. This is 0.25 mile up the road from the actual trailhead, the dirt track to King of Lead Mine. There were no fees or passes required to enter the park in 2022.
Distance and Elevation Gain: 8.4 miles; 3,100 feet of climbing
Total Time: 6:00 to 8:00
Difficulty: Trail, off-trail; navigation challenging; Class 2; no exposure; hike on a cool day, dress defensively, and carry all the water you will need.
Map: Cochise Head, Arizona 7.5' USGS Quad; or Chiricahua National Monument, 7.5' produced by USGS with the National Park Service
Date Hiked: February 1, 2022

Biographical Note: Cochise "having the quality and strength of oak," c. 1805-1874, was the Chiricahua-Apache chief and warrior during the Apache Wars, 1861-1872. With the encroachment of Mexican and American settlers on traditional lands Cochise led raids on both sides of the border. The U.S. government offered Cochise and his people a reservation in the southeastern corner of Arizona Territory if they would cease hostilities. Cochise agreed, only to die two years later. His friends lowered his body and weapons into a rock crevice in the Dragoon Mountains, location unknown.

Cochise was buried in the rocks above one of his favorite camps in Arizona’s Dragoon Mountains, now called Cochise Stronghold. Only his people and Tom Jeffords knew the exact location of his resting place, and they took the secret to their graves.

Read more at: https://www.aaanativearts.com/cochise-bio

Quote: I saw the angel in the marble and carved until I set him free. Michelangelo

 

This unusual perspective on Cochise Head was taken from the Indian Creek-Bonita Canyon divide. (Thomas Holt Ward, photo)

 
Route: From Bonita Canyon Road, walk north to King of Lead Mine. Continue on the track east to the southern end of the Horse Trail. Head north to Wood Canyon Saddle where the Horse Trail ends. (The ridge route is an alternative to the sidehill segment of the Horse Trail.) Climb northeast off-trail to the west ridge. Flank pillars and walls on the north. Upon reaching the saddle east of the crest, ascend west to the summit.

From the parking pullout, elevation 6,280 feet, walk west down Bonita Canyon Drive for not quite a quarter mile. We saw cougar scat in a couple of locations. Look north for a preview of the rolling grassy hills soon to be traversed and their occasional outcrops. (THW, photo)

Turn right and walk a few passes down to a locked gate, easily skirted. The shaded forest of Bonita Park opens to sun-drenched Arizona oak, alligator juniper, piñon, manzanita, mountain mahogany, and beargrass.

 

The road is a phenomenal assist bearing the hiker steadily into the hills. There is a sense of peaceful ease in this initial segment. Turn around for a view of Point 6,875' and the fire lookout on Sugarloaf Mountain. (THW, return photo)

 

Arrive at the King of Lead Mine at 1.4 miles, 6,920 feet. The mine was discovered in 1900. Underground production lasted from 1924 to 1970. Commodities mined were lead, silver, zinc, gold, and copper. Stay with the road as it hooks sharply south.

 

The track ascends for less than a tenth of a mile, turns east, descends briefly, and then rises to a ridge at 1.7 miles, 7,020 feet. The small knoll to the south is a landscape marker.

 

Upon arriving on the ridge, leave the road and turn north on a faint trail marked with cairns. This is a can't-miss juncture so be watchful. According to Chiricahua Mountains Hiking Trails this is the southern end of the old Horse Trail to Wood Canyon Saddle. It is no longer maintained. They write, "As of August 2018, this trail has had some of its deadfall removed, and is reasonably well-marked with rock cairns and flagging, but it remains quite faint and does still have deadfall and overgrowth, as well as several confusing points with forks and disappearing tread." In 2022 there was no flagging.

 

The Horse Trail begins by climbing north on the east slope of a small hill, shown. A few large limestone cairns hearken to a bygone era. 

 

It's only 0.3 mile from the start of the Horse Trail to the next ridgeline (and navigation juncture) but it is easy to lose the trail as we did, both going and coming. The 223,000 acre Horseshoe Two Fire in 2011 did considerable damage throughout this region. Head an eastward ravine at about 7,200 feet and then make for the ridge, shown.

 

Crest the eastward ridgeline at 2.0 miles, 7,220 feet. This location affords a superb look at Earth's monument to Cochise. Beginning from the left, facial features are: chin, lips, whiskers, nose, forehead and eye socket (below the ridgeline). The highpoint is on the nose, climbed from the saddle between the nose and forehead.

 

Horse Trail/Sidehill Route

Two routes leave from the ridge, the sidehill route and the ridge route. The Horse Trail is the standard (and some would argue easier) choice so I will explain that first. In general, what remains of the trail bears north, swings in and out of two eastward ravines, crosses a west fork of Indian Creek, and ends at the Wood Canyon Saddle. The trail is disconcertingly invisible as it tracks the contour in this photo. 

To stay on the Horse Trail, go west up the ridge to elevation 7,260 feet and look for a fallen tree with a square stone in the root ball, pictured. The trail picks up again just uphill of this natural marker. The path is not obvious at first; insist on finding it. The thin, seldom used treadway is fairly clear 70 to 80 percent of the way. You will have to link together existing segments. Our track on the map above is nearly true to the trail.

We took the Horse Trail on our return. The image below is fairly typical of the challenge. As you approach the west fork of Indian Creek the trail descends on short switchbacks for 100 feet. It is 0.8 mile from the ridge to the west fork crossing.

Ridge Route

This is an alternate route. Initially, we couldn't locate the Horse Trail. We were attracted by the idea of a ridge hike anyway so we just headed directly west. This route adds just 0.1 mile but another 320 feet of vertical. We topped the first point at 7,500 feet, gave up a little ground, and claimed the second point at 7,580 feet. We took in some far flung views, snapped a unique take on Cochise Head, and then began the 600-foot crashing plunge to the west fork. There was plenty of rubble with varying degrees of stability. Cows kept us company as we made a somewhat tedious descent. Bottom line: I'm glad we explored this alternative route but I would not repeat it.

 

We met up with the Horse Trail at the west fork crossing at 6,900 feet. The two routes reunited, cross the creek (most likely dry) and follow the Horse Trail north to Wood Canyon Saddle, pictured.

 

There are two signs at Wood Canyon Saddle. The Horse Trail sign is resting on the ground, scorched and illegible. None of the three trails posted on the sign pictured are visible on the ground. (THW, photo)

 

From the saddle, the climb to the summit must be considered a route even though a few scrapes of trail remain in the higher reaches. Bear north-northeast and climb the first of four grassy rollers, Point 7,138'. Footing is good on crushed rock. Yucca, beargrass, and oak are easy enough to dodge. Give up 80 feet to the final saddle at 3.2 miles, 7,060 feet. The approach is over with one mile remaining. Stay with the ridge until it melds into an open slope and then aim for the east ridge of the mountain. Negotiate a maze of shrubs on chipped and broken rock. The incline gets progressively steeper. Trekking poles are helpful.

  

For the Class 2 route we knew we needed to flank the pillars and walls on the north until we came to a saddle between the nose and forehead. But just where was that saddle? Trip reports didn't translate well (for us anyway) once we were within the rock. For much greater detail, you might find the Chiricahua Mountains Hiking Trails helpful but the path is overgrown and the cairns they refer to are mostly gone. There are many braids and false trails going to the walls. This image shows the first stone feature, the chin, at about 7,700 feet.

 

We hugged this massive rock structure right up against the wall. It was steep and brushy with no sign of recent use. We encountered snow patches at 7,800 feet that were quite slick.

This free-standing, volcanic spire had a dramatic presence. We circled the blade. (THW, photo)

Our attempts to skim along the walls proved impossible. So we backed off for a time and then went back to the ridge to probe between pillars. All the while, we were looking for the alternate scramble route to the top that we had read about. All the options we found were technical. 

Now and then we found fragments of a social trail lightly cairned but overgrown in places by young trees. Below, is a welcome stretch of clear trail through a talus yard.

 

We were elated to come around a wall into the opening pictured below. So this was the saddle between the nose and forehead. Even with all our misguided probing, it was only 0.3 mile from the chin to this point. This image looks east to the forehead.

We held our altitude at 7,940 feet and wrapped around to the south until a reasonable slope to the west was presented. It was less than 200 vertical feet to the summit. After all our thrashing around, the final climb up the backslope was a breeze. We scampered up through bedrock, scree, and brush. 

 

Alight on the summit at 4.2 miles. We had anticipated an all-stone dome much like Dos Cabezas but this tiny perch was covered in talus and grass. The land drops away radically on three sides with domed towers directly below. In the heart of every explorer there is a desire to actualize an elegant and efficient route; I would enjoy returning to perfect this one. We made a lot of minor navigation mistakes, even climbed a ridge unnecessarily (no regrets!). It took us four hours to reach the summit. On the return we did a better job of route finding, far from perfect, and it took three hours. The peak register was damaged and needs replacing.  

 

Cochise Head has a whopping 1,933 feet of prominence so the views are outstanding. Look south into a deep-velvet forest and snow-chilled Chiricahua Peak, the highpoint in the range at 9,759 feet.  (THW, photo)

To the northwest is Wood Canyon, Rough Mountain, and unmistakable Dos Cabezas Peak.

 In the eastward beyond are the Animas and Big Hatchet mountains of New Mexico. (THW, photo)

 

Wonder is everywhere. Ephemeral seedheads contrast with carved monuments of stone. (THW, photo)