Capitol Reef National Park: Grand Wash, Cassidy Arch, Cohab Canyon

Essence: Capitol Reef National Park protects and encloses the roughly 100 mile-long Waterpocket Fold, a massive warping of the earth’s crust. The giant buckle is a sleeping rainbow of stacked sedimentary strata. The uppermost layer is comprised of gleaming frozen sandstone dunes that have eroded from the top down to create a wild and intimidating landscape with deep canyons winding beneath tightly packed domes. This multi-featured trail hike provides a rich sampling of the park’s character. The introductory tour begins at the mouth of Grand Wash with its celebrated narrows and highly textured walls. Ascend cliff-edge sandstone inclines. Wander on expanses of multi-hued slickrock and cross the top of a voluminous catenary arch. Ever present are panning views of Waterpocket Fold. Squeeze through a boot-wide crack and finish at the Fruita Campground. 
Travel and Fees: The hike requires a brief shuttle from the campground to the Grand Wash Trailhead, 4.5 miles east of the Visitor Center on Utah State Route 24. Fee Information. Park facilities are open year-round.
Fruita Campground: This idyllic, shady campground is adjacent to the Fremont River, tucked amongst historic fruit orchards. In 2018, the campground initiated a reservation system. The 71 sites are first-come, first-served November through February. There are bathrooms, fire grates, picnic tables, and water.  Campground information. 
Distance and Elevation Gain: 8 miles; 1,900 feet of climbing. Fruita Overlook adds one mile and 260 vertical feet; flash flood hazard in Grand Wash; carry all the water you will need.
Time: 4:00 to 6:00
Difficulty: Trail; navigation easy; no exposure
Maps: Fruita, UT 7.5 USGS Quad, or Hiking Map and Guide: Capitol Reef National Park, both available at the Visitor Center.
Reference: Capitol Reef National Park: The Complete Hiking and Touring Guide, by Rick Stinchfield. Excellent introduction to hikes, drives, and natural history of the park. Purchase at the Visitor Center.
Latest Date Hiked: April 25, 2022
Quote: The finest workers in stone are not copper or steel tools, but the gentle touches of air and water working at their leisure with a liberal allowance of time. Henry David Thoreau

Cassidy Arch is at ground level with a circular opening to the chasm beneath. Unlike most named arches, walking across the wide airy bridge is permitted. (THW, photo)

Route: From the trailhead on Highway 24, hike through the Grand Wash narrows to access the Cassidy Arch Trail. Visit the arch and then take the Frying Pan Trail north. At Cohab Canyon turn west to finish at the campground. The blue-line route to Fruita Overlook is optional.

Grand Wash
From the Grand Wash Trailhead on Highway 24, elevation 5,200 feet, drop into the dry riverbed. The rubbly floor quickly transitions to a mix of gravel and sand permitting heads-up walking. The wash bottom will be firm after recent rain and soft after a dry spell. Do not enter the canyon if rain threatens.

Navajo Sandstone walls are cross-bedded and riddled with tafoni, cylindrical solution cavities pocketing river stones. (THW, photo)

In less than a mile the corridor constricts and the half-mile-long Narrows begin. The park receives only eight inches of rain each year and yet periodic floods have chiseled a curvilinear channel 600 feet into the earth. Vertical single-stone walls transect the clean, 16-foot-wide floor. A canyon wren’s descending cascade of laughter is interjected into the elemental majesty of stone and sand.

A tributary canyon pierces the constriction. To see a tall barrier fall walk a few paces up the first canyon that comes in on the left in 1.1 miles.

Skim your fingers along a tiger wall, the light skin streaked with black water stains. It took thousands of years for manganese-oxidizing microorganisms to streak pure-white stone with desert varnish. (THW, photo)

Cassidy Arch Trail 
The canyon opens and in two miles watch carefully for a trail junction on the right. This trail segment is 1.5 miles long with 700 feet of climbing. Suspended above the canyon floor, ascend an inclined plane on ledge-forming Kayenta Formation. 

Stone steps skirt around the southern end of an escarpment. Pause and locate the massive arch. It’s a little hard to spot on the very edge of a broad sandstone bench, contiguous with the slickrock. (THW, photo)

 At 3.1 miles turn left staying on the arch trail. (THW, photo)

It winds down onto a vast sheet of stone. Follow cairns across the smooth surface. Creamy Navajo Sandstone domes and fins bubble up from the garnet-colored Kayenta platform, colors intermingling like Neapolitan ice cream.

There is a huge drop from Cassidy Arch into the unruly chasm. An exhilarating tension between the expansive space and the constricted path awaits. The span is named after the outlaw Butch Cassidy, the most prolific bank and train robber of his time. (THW, photo)

Spend time romping aimlessly on the open field of slickrock. Fern's Nipple is visible to the south. (THW, photo)

Frying Pan Trail
Beginning at the Cassidy Arch Trail junction, the northbound Frying Pan Trail runs for 2.8 miles with 800 feet of elevation gain, terminating at the Cohab Canyon Trail. Contained within the Kayenta Formation walking is easy on a sandstone trackway. Slabs with beach ripples confine the trail. Colorful and oddly shaped hoodoos and knobs extend above buffaloberry, piñon, and ancient juniper. A grand sense of expanding space builds with the gentle grade. The trail tops out at the highpoint of the hike, elevation 6,460 feet. Walk to the promontory on big lumps of white rock. This is one of the best vantage points in the park. Waterpocket Fold is the strand of domes north, east, and south. Notice the monocline tilting dramatically to the east and gradually sloping westward to horizontal. Namesake shallow depressions in the rock, waterpockets, riddle the top of domes.

 
Walk down a perfectly smooth ramp for the better part of a mile. It drops into an unnamed canyon with deep walls covered in Liesegang banding. Regain some elevation while climbing to the next rise cresting at a cube-headed hoodoo.

Cohab Canyon Trail
To return to the campground be sure to turn left on the Cohab Canyon Trail at 6.7 miles or you will end up at the Hickman Bridge trailhead on Highway 24. If you have the energy for an extra mile take the spur trail to the Fruita Overlook. There are actually two viewpoints hanging above the Fremont River. Capitol Dome is visible to the east.

In the 1880’s, Mormon polygamists known as cohabs used the secretive canyon as a hideout from pursuing U.S. marshals. Cohab Canyon is narrow, intimate, and intriguing. It is filled with curious spherical boulders. During the Pleistocene glacial ice broke up the volcanic Andesite caprock on Boulder Mountain and rolled chunks into the lowlands, rounding them along the way. The black balls contrast with the deep red, even purple, cliff-forming Wingate Sandstone. (THW, photo)

The vertical joint patterns of this formation create sheer cliffs and slots. Step into two such cracks within Cohab. The first is on the right. A thin passage leads into a stone room with a high and dry pouroff. Further upcanyon is a southside incision. Strikingly textured walls put on the squeeze. Slender people can venture 100 yards before the passage is walled off. (THW, photo)

Adding to the composition in stone, canyon walls are literally covered with tafoni filigree. Solution pockets come in all sizes; crawl inside a larger cavity. Emerge from the hanging rift at the western Wingate portal 400 feet above the canyon floor. Trail builders used boulder balls for sidewalls, stairs and water bars. Switchback down to the trailhead, across the road from the campground.